Further, they demonstrated that Smurf2 was able to modulate HIF-1α expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells lacking functional VHL, and their analysis of TCGA data demonstrated a positive correlation of SMURF2 overexpression and increased disease-free survival and overall survival in ccRCC. This evidence concerns the gene SMURF2 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.