GSEA analysis revealed that RCC-associated pathways, like EGFR, HIF-1, mTOR, and VEGF, were upregulated in the tumor-derived endothelial cells, indicating the vascular or anoxia-related diseases occurred in the endothelial cells of TME in nccRCC (Fig. 5H, I) and the tumor-educated process could be the angiogenesis-induced alternations. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and renal cell carcinoma.