TLR4 and neoplasm: The binding of extracellular high mobility box 1 (HMGB-1) to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) convert the immature dendritic cells, D0, into the activated tumor-associated dendritic cells [9, 10, 64] at a rate proportional to HMGB-1/(H0+HMGB-1), where H0 is constant.