Oncogenic KRAS signaling suppresses antitumor immunity by inducing TME reprogramming (62, 63), recruiting immunosuppressive cells, inhibiting T cell function (64), upregulating immune checkpoint molecules on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cancer cells, altering cytokine secretion, degrading enzyme and growth factor production (65), and downregulating MHC-I expression on APCs (66). Here, KRAS is linked to cancer.