Currently, there are at least four A2AR antagonists which are in Phase II trials, NIR-178 (Novartis) with anti-PD-1 in multiple solid tumors and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, PBF-509 (Novartis) in non-small cell lung carcinoma with anti-PD-1, NCT02754141 (Astra Zeneca) with anti-PD-L1 and anti-CD73 in prostate cancer and an A2A/A2B antagonist AB928 (Arcus Biosciences) with chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer48. This evidence concerns the gene ADORA2A and prostate cancer.