Although this sequential combination of BAY-I and anti-PD-1 therapies did not significantly alter the numbers of tumor-associated CD8+ and Treg cells (Supplementary Fig. 9B), as compared to BAY-I monotherapy, it did further increased IFNα and IFNγ signaling pathways in tumor tissue (Supplementary Fig. 9C), GZMb+ cell (some also co-stained by anti-CD8 antibody) numbers in the remaining tumor areas (Fig. 8E, F and Supplementary Fig. 9D), consistent with increased anti-tumor immunity. Here, IFNG is linked to neoplasm.