Gene-expression analysis by qPCR in different skeletal muscles showed increased expression of atrophy-related genes (MAFbx/Atrogin-1, Trim63/MuRF-1, Foxo-1) and the pro-inflammatory gene TNF-α, also known as cachectin, as additional sign of cachexia (Supplementary Fig. 1f–q). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Cachexia.