Thus, to identify hub genes as therapeutic targets that are specifically associated with anti-PD1 in cancer, the hub genes predicted by network approaches still need to be prioritized using other data, such as differential gene expression data between tumor and normal samples, or gene expression data of samples from cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy (Fig. 1b) or immune infiltration correlation data in cancer (Fig. 1c). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.