Since the two PCa-enriched cell states in BE and club cells showed upregulated AR signaling compared to other BE or club cells, respectively, we tested AR expression in the integrated dataset and found that in PCa epithelial cells, 21.4% of BE (458 of 2145 cells), 28.6% of club cells (249 of 872), 52.7% of LE (2974 of 5647 cells) and 43.2% of tumor cells (1993 of 4658 cells) were AR+ , significantly higher compared to the same cell types from normal samples (P < 0.001, two-sided FET) (Fig. 5c). Here, AR is linked to neoplasm.