Two types of MDSCs have been described: monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) characterized by high expression of CD11 and CD14 and low expression of HLA and CD15 and granulocytic or polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC) characterized by high expression of CD11 and CD15 and low expression of CD14. To test for the presence of these MDSCs in our PCa samples, we used the co-expression of these markers and identified 137 M-MDSCs within the 790 CD14+ monocytes and 11 PMN-MDSCs within 974 CD14- monocytes (Supplementary Fig. 8g). Here, CD14 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.