AR and posterior cortical atrophy: The ATF4 overexpression plasmid was transfected into the PC-3-P and DU145-P cells, confirming CEMIP overexpression and the presence of the autophagy-related proteins (p-Beclin1 and LC3BII/LC3BI) to explore the impact of ATF4 in CEMIP-induced PCa-AR, as shown in Fig. 6B and Fig. S8C.