Edaravone treatment in control and ALS miMNs induces the expression of HOXB5, NKX2.1 and PHOX2B (Fig. 7B), three TFs transactivating the RET promoter [41, 42], suggesting the involvement of these TFs in activating RET transcription by edaravone. Here, RET is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.