MTOR and carcinoma: In recent years, research has shown that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalingpathway is pivotal for the onset and progression of a wide range of tumors, such asmammary carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and leukemia, and that thispathway is closely associated with biological behaviors that include cell survival,proliferation, and apoptosis [53,54].