One MR study that investigated the effect of 27 cytokines and growth factors on the risk of prostate cancer, drawing IV estimates from a previously published GWAS on 8293 Finnish individuals and the same population that we included in our analysis for prostate cancer, found that higher genetically proxied circulating concentrations of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2) were associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer [42]. Here, CCL2 is linked to prostate carcinoma.