Of the 11 cytokines that showed evidence of a causal link with a cancer, records on past or present clinical drug development programmes were identified for six cytokines (RANTES, MIF, VEGF, IL-1ra, MIP1a, sICAM), four of which on drugs that have already been marketed (MIF, VEGF, IL-1ra and sICAM). This evidence concerns the gene CCL3 and cancer.