CRIPTO3 and infection: Importantly, numerous human pathogens can subvert CR3 function(s) to establish infection and disease, including streptococci (38, 39), Listeria monocytogenes (40), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (41, 42), Bordetella pertussis (43, 44), Escherichia coli (45), Candida albicans (46), some flaviviruses (47, 48), Ross River virus (49), Leishmania (50, 51), and Toxoplasma gondii (52).