DPP4 and heart failure: In addition, a sub-analysis of the CVD-REAL-2 study showed that the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with substantially lower risks of hospitalization for heart failure (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.61–0.77; p < 0.0001), all-cause death (0.59, 0.52–0.67; p < 0.0001) and the composite of hospitalization for heart failure or all-cause death (0.64, 0.57–0.72; p < 0.0001) compared to dipeptidyl peptide-4 (DPP-4)-4 inhibitors [118].