INS and Hypertension: In addition, MAGE ≥ 3.38 mmol/L and log MMP-3 ≥ 1.12 were associated with CA, while duration of hypertension ≥18 years, daily insulin dose ≥ 0.585 IU/kg, eGFR ≤ 65.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, log L-citrulline ≥ 2.1, and log MMP-3 ≥ 1.1 were identified as risk factors for CAS.