For 169 patients with T2D insufficiently, controlled with metformin monotherapy (≥3 months), colesevelam (n = 57), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone maleate (n = 56) and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin phosphate (n = 56) all significantly improved glycemic control, whereas only colesevelam significantly reduced levels of LDL-C (−11.6%) with slight reductions of total cholesterol (−2.9%) and non-HDL-C (−3.8%) but significantly increased triglycerides (+14.9%) [82]. The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.