Changes in several microglia inflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and Arginase 1 gene expression levels, were found to be deregulated in our previous in vitro AD studies and aged-like microglia model [30,34]. The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.