Endoplasmic reticulum and inflammatory stress (with reduced GLUT4 expression) have been observed in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle from women with gestational DM, and suppression of ER stress by tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) or siRNA knockdown of IRE1A and BIP protein significantly downregulated the activation of ER and inflammatory stress, and increased the GLUT4 expression and glucose uptake [68]. This evidence concerns the gene SLC2A4 and diabetes mellitus.