ELAVL1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The cell populations identified are in Figure 2A. In COPD, ELAVL1 expression is higher in aberrant basaloid, mesothelial, peribronchial vascular endothelial (VE), pulmonary neuroendocrine cell (PNEC), ciliated, and club cells, relative to other cell types (Figure 2B).