Increased cytoplasmic expression of HuR also stabilizes tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (Il-6) mRNA in macrophages [57], two pro-inflammatory mediators that are also increased in COPD and SARS-CoV-2 infection [54,58]. This evidence concerns the gene ELAVL1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.