RAPGEF3 and lung carcinoma: As shown in Table 1, EPAC1 plays a pro-proliferative role in many cancers including lung cancer [45,46,47,48,49], melanoma [50,51,52,53,54], pancreatic cancer [41,55,56,57], cervical cancer [58], fibrosarcoma [59], gastric cancer [60], and rectal cancer [61].