STAT3 and neoplasm: For example, curcumin suppresses tumor growth by blocking tumor-promoting pathways NF-kB, PI3k/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), Janus kinase/signal transducers, and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, while the major tumor-suppression genes (i.e., p53 and p21, and caspase) were up-regulated [151].