TNF and osteomyelitis: In 2020, Ma et al. [146] reported that in the osteomyelitis patients and S. aureus-infected MC3T3-E1 cells, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was downregulated, whereas tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) and miR-129-5p were upregulated.