Finally, Heintz and co-workers [31], by applying a multi-omics approach to resolve the taxonomic and functional attributes of gut microbiota at the metagenomic level, found lower levels of specific human exocrine pancreatic proteins in T1D subjects (α-amylase proteins AMY2A, AMY2B, and carboxypeptidase CPA1) compared to the healthy ones. The gene discussed is AMY2A; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.