TGFB1 and lung carcinoma: For example, in lung cancer, collagen I induces EMT by autocrine activation of TGF-β3 signaling and that PI3K is necessary for TGF-β up-regulation [41,47], similar to the observed activation collagen I and TGF-β3 observed in the KD-SDHB hPheo1 cells (Figure 3A).