IGF1 and colonic neoplasm: The antimetastatic activity of niclosamide is associated with inhibitory effects on several signaling pathways, such as the STAT3 pathway in melanoma, [24] in oral squamous cell carcinoma, [25] and in prostate cancer [26]; Wnt/β-catenin signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma [27] and in adrenocortical carcinoma [28]; Notch signaling in colon cancer [29]; and IGF signaling in ovarian cancer [30].