ATG5 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: To analyze the role of autophagy in DMD progression, the panel of six markers, namely beclin-1 (Becn1), microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3 (Map1lc3b), sequestosome 1 (Sqstm1), autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5), autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp1) has been evaluated in two muscles.