Emerging evidence suggests that the NLRP3 inflammasome can react to a wide range of bacterial ligands, including LPS, bacterial RNA, and peptidoglycans (PAMPs or DAMPs), and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, bone loss, osteomyelitis, periodontal disease, and others, by regulating the inflammatory response. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is osteomyelitis.