The databases that were searched are PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar with the search limited to the last 5 years, using as search items the following: “aspalathin” or “nothofagin” or “orientin” or “isoorientin” or “vitexin” or “isovitexin” or “phloretin” or “phloridzin” or “phlorizin” and “diabetes” and “inflammation” and “oxidative stress” and “insulin resistance”. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.