Subsequently, Coelho et al. discovered that PD-L1 expression in tumor cells may be driven by the Ras/Raf/Mitogen-activated protein kinase dB (MEK)/ERK pathway through stabilization of PD-L1 mRNA, based on modulation of the AU-rich elements in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) [53]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.