TGFB1 and hyperlipidemia: Several studies suggested that the upregulation of sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP-1 and 2) in hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia promotes TGF-β signalling, leading to glomerular injury in terms of podocyte apoptosis, mesangial cell proliferation, and cytokine synthesis [42,43,44,45].