The following mechanisms of action were considered to reverse EMT, to enhance drug sensitivity, to induce immune response, and to inhibit NSCLC proliferation through (1) up-regulation of epithelial markers; (2) up-regulation of drug sensitive genes; (3) down-regulation of mesenchymal markers; (4) down-regulation of proliferation genes; and (5) down-regulation of CD27 and PD-L1 (CD274). Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.