In this sense, the present study evaluated the histopathological features and immunohistochemical biomarkers (ACE-2, AKT-1, Caveolin-1, CD44v6, IL-4, MMP-9, α-SMA, Sphingosine-1, and TGF-β1 tissue expression) involved in the TGF-β1 signaling pathways and pulmonary fibrosis. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.