RA (and other autoimmune disease) sufferers experience an imbalanced Treg:Th17 ratio leading to inappropriate immune responses and tissue damage [33,34,35,36] so for the in vivo analysis, we additionally examined Tregs (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) polarisation to allow calculation of ratios of Treg:Th17 to highlight differential changes in polarisation of subsets of helper T cell that could affect the overall homeostatic balance. This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and rheumatoid arthritis.