Interestingly, Metformin, a well-known anti- type II diabetes drug, is able to regulate the function of macrophages in atherosclerosis, including reducing the differentiation of monocytes and inhibiting the inflammation, oxidative stress, M1 polarization, foam cell formation, and apoptosis, through for example AMPK, AMPK independent targets, NF-κB, ABCG5/8, Sirt1, FOXO1/FABP4, and HMGB1 [225]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and atherosclerosis.