High-level phosphorylation and/or overexpression of RPS6 has been reported in various types of cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [433], breast cancer [434], cervical cancer [435], esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) [436], GC [437], glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) [438], HNSCC [439], melanoma [440], non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [338], NSCLC [38], oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) [441,442], ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC) [40,443], pancreatic cancers [13,17,444], renal cell carcinoma (RCC) [445], sarcoma [446], and vulva squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) [447]. This evidence concerns the gene RPS6 and cancer.