Renal expression of VEGF and its receptors is up-regulated in patients of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, especially early in the onset of diabetes, whereas the inhibition of VEGF with anti-VEGF-antibodies acts beneficially in the renal changes induced by diabetes, indicating a harmful role of this factor in the pathophysiology of DN [27,29]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is diabetes mellitus.