In a larger recent study (NCT02897765) in patients with advanced melanoma (n = 34), non-small cell lung cancer (n = 27) or bladder cancer (n = 21), a personalized neoantigen-based vaccine, NEO-PV-01, in combination with PD-1 blockade induced the development of neoantigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses post-vaccination in all patients [144]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and urinary bladder carcinoma.