In fact, plasma MIF levels demonstrated a significant correlation with the OS and disease-free survival (DFS) of HCC patients, even in those with normal serum AFP levels and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage I. In addition, the plasma MIF levels were identified as an independent factor for OS and DFS and decreased significantly within 30 days after HCC resection [101]. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.