Indirectly, NK cells can secrete a rich repertory of soluble factors including IFNγ, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) that beyond contributing to the establishment of adaptive immune responses dependent on APCs, T and B lymphocytes can induce necrosis of tumor cells [170]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.