TP53 and neoplasm: The formation of ROS leads to cariogenic signals via various mechanisms, including a) formation of lipid peroxidation products, such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, which cause a mutation of the P53 gene (commonly found in HCC) [85,86], and b) mediation of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis via NF-kb, VEGF, and MCP-1 [87].