ATF4 and AL amyloidosis: These results corroborate previous findings in non-small cell lung cancer and multiple myeloma cells, demonstrating the activation of the ATF4-CHOP pathway, and resulting in a proapoptotic shift of ER stress in response to NFV; the authors additionally reported a reduction in NFV-induced cell death during siRNA-mediated inhibition of CHOP, underpinning a key role of CHOP in the apoptotic process [63].