TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Moreover, CAFs may communicate with liver cancer cells via the cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1)–CXCL6/TGFβ axis, consequently stimulating the development of the stem-cell-like tumor phenotype and the recruitment and polarization of neutrophils, altogether aggravating HCC prognosis [98].