Moreover, uptake of CEMIP+ tumour exosomes by brain endothelial and microglial cells induces endothelial cell branching and inflammation in the perivascular niche by upregulating the proinflammatory cytokines encoded by Ptgs2, Tnf and Ccl/Cxcl, known to promote brain vascular remodelling and metastasis [31]. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.