CCL3 and neoplasm: To understand the mechanism for its tumor suppression, ex vivo human PBMC and in vivo monkey studies were carried out and DN052 activated immune response evidenced by strong induction of the proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IFN-α2, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, G-CSF and INF-γ.