These again are consistent with the earliest innate responses to malaria parasites, with timing and duration of IFN-γ production being important determinants of whether its effects are protective or pathogenic (King et al., 2015; Walther et al., 2009; Hermsen et al., 2003; De Souza et al., 1997; Mitchell et al., 2005; Amani et al., 2000; Villegas-Mendez et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and malaria.