EGFR and urinary bladder carcinoma: Three main signaling pathways are found to be the downstream of EGFR: the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and the STAT pathway (Jorissen et al., 2003; Su et al., 2007), aberrant activation of these pathways responds to tumorigenesis in several solid tumors including bladder cancer.