CSF2 and neoplasm: As HSV infections and sero-positivity are common in the population it is important to note that an effective tumor treatment with OncoVEXGM-CSF is still achievable when applied intratumorally; as a result of this route of application any local preformed anti-HSV-1 immune response is overwhelmed by the huge number of locally applied infectious viral particles (up to 108 OncoVEXGM-CSF particles).