The Xie et al. study focused on anti-T cell receptor β chain monoclonal antibody (anti-TCRβ mAb) plus neurogenin 3- betacellulin (Ngn3-Btc) gene transfer for the reversal of T1D while impeding islet destruction through selective elimination of diabetogenic T-cells while preserving the other components of the immune system. The gene discussed is NEUROG3; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.