INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Despite the fact that insulin stimulates lipogenesis and inhibits lipolysis via activating the PI3K/Akt/mTORC pathway under normal circumstances, it has been reported that in insulin-resistant states of obesity and type 2 diabetes, hepatic lipid production is increased in concert with increased hepatic glucose production, which indicate that lipogenesis persists in IR as well 71, 72.